Friday, 17 July 2026

AI Smart Vehicle Accident Severity Prediction System

AI Smart Vehicle Accident Severity Prediction System Using ESP32 + IoT + AI Agent + n8n Automation + Telegram Voice Alerts + Google Sheets + ThingSpeak Cloud
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Agentic IoT with ESP32 + AI + n8n Automation + Telegram Voice Alerts + Google Sheets + ThingSpeak

Table of Contents

1. Abstract 2. Objectives 3. System Architecture 4. Components List 5. Circuit Schematic 6. Working Principle 7. AI Accident Severity Prediction 8. n8n Automation Workflow 9. Telegram Bot and Voice Alerts 10. Google Sheets Integration 11. ThingSpeak Cloud Dashboard 12. ESP32 Source Code 13. PHP IoT Dashboard 14. AI Power Consumption Prediction 15. Testing Plan 16. Future Enhancements 17. Conclusion

1. Abstract

Road accidents are a major cause of injuries and fatalities. In many accident situations, emergency services are not informed immediately. This project proposes an AI-powered smart vehicle accident detection and severity prediction system using ESP32, IoT sensors, AI, n8n automation, Telegram voice alerts, Google Sheets, ThingSpeak, and a PHP-based IoT webpage.

The ESP32 continuously monitors vehicle parameters such as acceleration, vibration, gyroscope movement, vehicle tilt, speed, GPS location, battery voltage, and power consumption. When abnormal sensor values are detected, the ESP32 sends structured data to an n8n webhook.

The AI system analyzes the sensor data and classifies the event as Normal, Minor, Moderate, or Critical. Based on the result, n8n automatically sends Telegram text alerts, generates voice notifications, stores data in Google Sheets, updates ThingSpeak, and provides data to the IoT dashboard.

2. Project Objectives

  • Detect vehicle accidents using ESP32 and multiple sensors.
  • Predict accident severity using AI-based logic.
  • Send automatic emergency notifications.
  • Generate Telegram voice alerts.
  • Store accident records in Google Sheets.
  • Display real-time data on ThingSpeak.
  • Provide a PHP-based IoT monitoring webpage.
  • Use n8n as the automation and integration platform.
  • Predict vehicle power consumption.
  • Provide an AI Agent for intelligent decision-making.

3. Overall System Architecture

+-------------------------+ | VEHICLE SENSORS | | MPU6050 | GPS | Vibration| | Battery | Speed | Tilt | +------------+------------+ | v +-------------------------+ | ESP32 | | Edge Monitoring Device | +------------+------------+ | | Wi-Fi / Internet v +-------------------------+ | n8n AUTOMATION | | Webhook + AI Workflow | +------------+------------+ | v +-------------------------+ | AI AGENT / MODEL | | Severity Prediction | +------------+------------+ | v +-------------------------------------+ | DECISION ENGINE | +-------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | v v v Telegram Google ThingSpeak Text/Voice Sheets Dashboard | v +-------------------------+ | PHP IoT WEBPAGE | | Live Monitoring Panel | +-------------------------+

4. Components List

Component Purpose
ESP32 Main IoT controller with Wi-Fi connectivity
MPU6050 Acceleration and gyroscope measurement
GPS Module Vehicle location and speed
Vibration Sensor Impact and vibration detection
Voltage Sensor Vehicle battery monitoring
Buzzer Local emergency alert
Wi-Fi Network Internet communication
n8n Workflow automation and AI orchestration
Telegram Bot Text and voice notifications
Google Sheets Historical accident data storage
ThingSpeak Cloud IoT dashboard
PHP Web Server Custom IoT monitoring webpage

5. Circuit Schematic Diagram

+----------------------+ | ESP32 | | | MPU6050 SDA ------>| GPIO 21 | MPU6050 SCL ------>| GPIO 22 | | | GPS TX ----------->| GPIO 16 RX | GPS RX <-----------| GPIO 17 TX | | | Vibration -------->| GPIO 27 | | | Buzzer <-----------| GPIO 26 | | | Battery Sensor --->| ADC GPIO 34 | +----------+-----------+ | | Wi-Fi v +---------------+ | INTERNET | +-------+-------+ | v +---------------+ | n8n | +-------+-------+ | +-----------------+-----------------+ | | | v v v Telegram Google Sheets ThingSpeak

MPU6050 Connection

MPU6050 PinESP32 Pin
VCC3.3V
GNDGND
SDAGPIO 21
SCLGPIO 22

GPS Connection

GPS PinESP32 Pin
VCC5V / 3.3V according to module
GNDGND
TXGPIO 16
RXGPIO 17

6. System Working Principle

  1. The vehicle is powered ON.
  2. ESP32 connects to Wi-Fi.
  3. All sensors are initialized.
  4. Sensor data is continuously monitored.
  5. Abnormal acceleration, vibration, tilt, or rotation is detected.
  6. ESP32 collects complete accident data.
  7. Data is transmitted to the n8n webhook.
  8. The AI Agent analyzes the data.
  9. Accident severity is calculated.
  10. n8n decides the required action.
  11. Telegram notifications are sent when required.
  12. Voice alert is generated for critical accidents.
  13. Data is stored in Google Sheets.
  14. ThingSpeak is updated.
  15. The PHP dashboard displays monitoring information.
Vehicle | Sensors | ESP32 | Accident Detection | n8n Webhook | AI Agent | Severity Prediction | Decision | +-----------------------------+ | Normal / Minor / Moderate | | Critical Accident | +-----------------------------+ | Notifications + Cloud Storage

7. AI Accident Severity Prediction

The system combines several sensor values instead of depending on only one sensor.

Severity Categories

ScoreSeverityAction
0-20NormalContinue monitoring
21-40MinorStore event
41-70ModerateTelegram warning
71-100CriticalEmergency text and voice alert

Severity Formula


Severity Score =
    Acceleration Score
  + Gyroscope Score
  + Vibration Score
  + Speed Score
  + Tilt Score

Acceleration Formula


A = sqrt(Ax² + Ay² + Az²)

AI Agent Output Example

{
  "accident_detected": true,
  "severity": "CRITICAL",
  "confidence": 0.96,
  "severity_score": 89,
  "send_telegram_alert": true,
  "send_voice_alert": true,
  "store_in_google_sheets": true,
  "update_thingspeak": true
}

8. n8n Automation Workflow

ESP32 | v Webhook | v Validate JSON | v Calculate Severity | v AI Agent | v Critical? | +---- No ----> Google Sheets | +---- Yes ---> Telegram Text Alert | v Voice Generation | v Telegram Voice | v Google Sheets | v ThingSpeak

n8n Severity Prediction Code


const data = $json;

const acceleration = Number(data.acceleration || 0);
const gyro = Number(data.gyro || 0);
const vibration = Number(data.vibration || 0);
const speed = Number(data.speed || 0);
const tilt = Number(data.tilt || 0);

let score = 0;

if (acceleration >= 8) {
    score += 40;
} else if (acceleration >= 5) {
    score += 30;
} else if (acceleration >= 3) {
    score += 20;
}

if (gyro >= 250) {
    score += 20;
} else if (gyro >= 150) {
    score += 15;
} else if (gyro >= 80) {
    score += 10;
}

if (vibration === 1) {
    score += 15;
}

if (speed >= 80) {
    score += 15;
} else if (speed >= 50) {
    score += 10;
}

if (tilt >= 45) {
    score += 10;
} else if (tilt >= 25) {
    score += 5;
}

let severity = "NORMAL";

if (score >= 70) {
    severity = "CRITICAL";
} else if (score >= 41) {
    severity = "MODERATE";
} else if (score >= 21) {
    severity = "MINOR";
}

return [{
    json: {
        ...data,
        severity_score: score,
        severity: severity,
        accident_detected: score >= 21
    }
}];

9. Telegram Bot and Voice Alert Setup

  1. Open Telegram.
  2. Search for BotFather.
  3. Create a new bot.
  4. Copy the Bot Token.
  5. Send a message to your bot.
  6. Obtain the Chat ID.
  7. Configure Telegram credentials in n8n.
  8. Use the Send Message node for text alerts.
  9. Use a Text-to-Speech service to generate audio.
  10. Send the generated audio using Telegram.

Example Emergency Alert


🚨 VEHICLE ACCIDENT ALERT 🚨

Vehicle ID: ESP32_VEHICLE_001

Severity: CRITICAL
Severity Score: 85

Acceleration: 8.4 g
Gyroscope: 245.6
Speed: 65.2 km/h
Tilt: 43.5°
Vibration: Detected

Battery: 12.4 V

Location:
Latitude: 17.4123
Longitude: 78.4567

Immediate assistance may be required.

Voice Message


Emergency alert. A critical vehicle accident has been detected.
The estimated accident severity is critical.
The vehicle location has been identified.
Emergency assistance may be required immediately.

10. Google Sheets Integration

Timestamp Vehicle ID Acceleration Gyro Vibration Speed Tilt Severity Score Latitude Longitude Battery
2026-07-18 ESP32_VEHICLE_001 8.4 245.6 1 65.2 43.5 CRITICAL 85 17.4123 78.4567 12.4

11. ThingSpeak Cloud Dashboard

FieldData
Field 1Acceleration
Field 2Gyroscope
Field 3Speed
Field 4Tilt
Field 5Battery Voltage
Field 6Severity Score
Field 7Accident Status

field1 = 8.4
field2 = 245.6
field3 = 65.2
field4 = 43.5
field5 = 12.4
field6 = 85
field7 = 1

12. ESP32 Source Code


#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <MPU6050.h>

MPU6050 mpu;

const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_NAME";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";

const char* webhookURL =
"https://YOUR_N8N_DOMAIN/webhook/vehicle-accident";

#define VIBRATION_PIN 27
#define BUZZER_PIN 26

void setup() {

    Serial.begin(115200);

    pinMode(VIBRATION_PIN, INPUT);
    pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);

    Wire.begin();

    mpu.initialize();

    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }

    Serial.println("WiFi Connected");
}

void loop() {

    int16_t ax, ay, az;
    int16_t gx, gy, gz;

    mpu.getMotion6(
        &ax,
        &ay,
        &az,
        &gx,
        &gy,
        &gz
    );

    float accelerationX = ax / 16384.0;
    float accelerationY = ay / 16384.0;
    float accelerationZ = az / 16384.0;

    float acceleration =
        sqrt(
            accelerationX * accelerationX +
            accelerationY * accelerationY +
            accelerationZ * accelerationZ
        );

    float gyro =
        sqrt(
            gx * gx +
            gy * gy +
            gz * gz
        ) / 131.0;

    int vibration = digitalRead(VIBRATION_PIN);

    if (acceleration > 3.0 || vibration == HIGH) {

        digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);

        sendDataToN8N(
            acceleration,
            gyro,
            vibration
        );

        delay(10000);

        digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    }

    delay(1000);
}

void sendDataToN8N(
    float acceleration,
    float gyro,
    int vibration
) {

    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

        HTTPClient http;

        http.begin(webhookURL);

        http.addHeader(
            "Content-Type",
            "application/json"
        );

        String jsonData = "{";

        jsonData += "\"device_id\":\"ESP32_VEHICLE_001\",";
        jsonData += "\"acceleration\":";
        jsonData += String(acceleration, 2);
        jsonData += ",";

        jsonData += "\"gyro\":";
        jsonData += String(gyro, 2);
        jsonData += ",";

        jsonData += "\"vibration\":";
        jsonData += String(vibration);
        jsonData += ",";

        jsonData += "\"speed\":0,";
        jsonData += "\"tilt\":0,";
        jsonData += "\"battery_voltage\":12.4";

        jsonData += "}";

        int responseCode = http.POST(jsonData);

        Serial.print("HTTP Response: ");
        Serial.println(responseCode);

        http.end();
    }
}

13. PHP IoT Web Dashboard

This PHP page can be hosted on XAMPP, WAMP, LAMP, a VPS, or a PHP-enabled web server. It can be connected to a database, n8n webhook, ThingSpeak API, or another IoT backend.

+--------------------------------+ | AI VEHICLE DASHBOARD | +--------------------------------+ | Vehicle Status: ONLINE | | Accident Status: NORMAL | | Severity Score: 0 | | Acceleration: 1.1 g | | Speed: 54 km/h | | Battery: 12.6 V | | GPS: CONNECTED | +--------------------------------+ | LIVE SENSOR GRAPH | +--------------------------------+ | GPS LOCATION | +--------------------------------+ | ACCIDENT HISTORY | +--------------------------------+

Example PHP Dynamic Data Section


<?php

$vehicleStatus = "ONLINE";
$accidentStatus = "NORMAL";
$severityScore = 0;
$acceleration = 1.1;
$speed = 54;
$battery = 12.6;

?>

<h2>Vehicle Monitoring Dashboard</h2>

<p>Vehicle Status:
    <?= $vehicleStatus ?>
</p>

<p>Accident Status:
    <?= $accidentStatus ?>
</p>

<p>Severity Score:
    <?= $severityScore ?>
</p>

<p>Acceleration:
    <?= $acceleration ?> g
</p>

<p>Speed:
    <?= $speed ?> km/h
</p>

<p>Battery:
    <?= $battery ?> V
</p>

14. AI Power Consumption Prediction

The system can monitor battery voltage and current to calculate power consumption. 


Power = Voltage × Current

Example:

Voltage = 12.4 V
Current = 4.5 A

Power = 12.4 × 4.5
Power = 55.8 W

Power Prediction Logic


const voltage = Number($json.battery_voltage || 0);
const current = Number($json.current || 0);

const power = voltage * current;

let prediction = "NORMAL";

if (power > 150) {
    prediction = "HIGH POWER CONSUMPTION";
}

if (power > 250) {
    prediction = "CRITICAL POWER CONSUMPTION";
}

return [{
    json: {
        ...$json,
        calculated_power: power,
        power_prediction: prediction
    }
}];

15. Testing Plan

Test Input Condition Expected Result
Normal Driving Acceleration 1.2 g, low vibration Normal monitoring
Minor Impact Acceleration 3.5 g Minor accident
Moderate Impact Acceleration 5.5 g, gyro 160 Moderate alert
Severe Impact Acceleration 8.5 g, vibration high, tilt 50 degrees Critical text and voice alert

16. Future Enhancements

  • GSM or 4G LTE emergency communication.
  • ESP32-CAM or Raspberry Pi camera integration.
  • Machine learning models such as Random Forest, XGBoost, or Neural Networks.
  • Automatic emergency service integration.
  • Driver health monitoring.
  • Fire and smoke detection.
  • Fleet management dashboard.
  • Multi-vehicle cloud monitoring.
  • Predictive vehicle maintenance.
  • Voice-based AI conversation after an accident.

17. Conclusion

The AI Smart Vehicle Accident Severity Prediction System combines ESP32 IoT sensing, AI-based accident analysis, n8n workflow automation, Telegram notifications, voice alerts, Google Sheets data storage, ThingSpeak cloud monitoring, and PHP web dashboard technology.

The ESP32 operates as the edge device, collecting real-time sensor information. The n8n automation system processes and routes the data. The AI Agent analyzes the accident situation and predicts severity. Telegram provides immediate communication, while Google Sheets and ThingSpeak provide storage and visualization.

The system is expandable and can be developed into a complete smart transportation safety platform for personal vehicles, public transportation, fleet management, insurance systems, and smart city applications.

Important: This prototype should be extensively tested and validated before being used as a certified emergency or safety-critical system.

AI Smart Vehicle Accident Severity Prediction System

ESP32 + AI + n8n + Telegram + Google Sheets + ThingSpeak + PHP IoT Dashboard

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